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Flowers. - Free Online Library

Flowers bloom everywhere on Earth, except Antarctica. You can find

them in the desert, in the arctic, in the rainforest, in the prairie, or

in the woods. Many flowers even grow in lakes and streams. Trees have

them, so do grasses and weeds. Did you ever wonder why plants make

flowers? It's not to look beautiful or feed the bees. The real job

of a flower is to make seeds. Seeds make new plants.

What's Inside A Flower?



In the center of each flower is the pistil. The sticky top is

called the stigma. Below it is a long tube called the style. The round

part at the bottom is the ovary. Inside the ovary are the ovules, or

unformed seeds, waiting to grow. Around the pistil are the stamens. Each

stamen has a thin stem-like part called the filament and a rounded tip

called the anther. The anthers make pollen. Green leaves called sepals

protect the outside of the flower. The colorful petal s of the flower

have an important job to do, too.



Flowers' Attraction



A flower's colors and its sweet smell work like signs to

attract visitors called pollinators. Red and pink petals are most

attractive to butterflies and hummingbirds. White flowers usually

attract moths and bats. Yellow and orange petals mostly invite bees. The

petals of many yellow flowers also have ultraviolet "landing

pads" invisible to us, but easy for a bee to see.



Flowers make a sweet juice called nectar that pollinators like to

eat. When animals come to drink the flower's nectar, pollen clings

to their bodies. They carry the pollen to the next flower, where it

sticks to the top of the pistil. From there it travels down to the ovary

and joins the ovules to make seeds. Once a flower's seeds have

formed, the flower's petals quickly fade and die. The flower's

work is done.



Flower Power

Flowers have many other uses, too. They are beautiful to look at.

Flower scents are used to make perfumes. Foods like broccoli and

flavorings like saffron come from flowers. Flowers are used for

decorating and for celebrating special occasions and events. They are

even used to cover floats in parades!



DID YOU KNOW??



Roses were first grown by people in Asia 5,000 years ago.



DID YOU KNOW??



Scarlet gilia flowers start out red to attract hummingbirds. Later

they turn white to attract hawkmoths.



DID YOU KNOW??



Bees rarely visit red flowers. They can't see the color red.



DID YOU KNOW??



White flowers usually bloom at night, because they are pollinated

by nocturnal creatures like moths and bats.



DID YOU KNOW??



Scientists in China fou nd a 140-million-year-old fossilized flower!



Vocabulary



Carefully follow the arrow clues and fill in the missing letters.



[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED]



Weekly Lab



Watch a real flower and a paper flower "drink" water.



You need: a fresh white flower (like a carnation or a daisy), food

coloring, water, 2 cups, scissors

Step 1: Put a freshly cut carnation or daisy in water with food

coloring.



Step 2: Let it sit overnight. Watch what happens to the petals.



Draw a picture of your flower the next day.



Step 3: Now, cut out this 4-petal flower shape and fold each of the

petals inward.



Step 4: Gently place your folded flower on the surface of a cup of

water. Watch what happens?



Bonus: Observe and draw some flowers (try daffodills, roses,

tulips, or lilies.) Carefully remove their petals. Draw the pistil and

stamens in each flower. Now pull open the bottom part of the pistils.

What do you see?



Water moves up the stem to the flower's petals and makes them

open.



Weekly Problem



It is WHY-FLY's Mom's birthday. WHY-FLY wants to buy her

flowers. He has his $10 allowance in his pocket.



1) How much will 3 roses, 4 lilies, 3 carnations, 8 ferns, and 5

daisies cost?



2) How much change will he get back from $10?



3) Can he still buy a lily?



How about an iris?



Violets 15 [cts.] each



Ferns 5 [cts.] each



Daises 10 for $1



Irises $1.25 each

Lilies $1 each



Carnations 35 [cts.] each



Roses 3 for $2.50



Which flowers would you buy with $10.00?



DID YOU KNOW??



Each U.S. state has its own official flower. What's your

state's flower?



Writing for Science



On a botany expedition to Boiling Bottom Bog, Professor Venus Fly

Trap (the world's foremost expert on insect-eating plants) has

discovered a brand new and VERY weird gigantic flower never, ever seen

before. WHY-FLY, her assistant on this expedition, needs to e-mail the

University about their strange discovery. Help him write a detailed

description of this strange new flower, so he can send it on their

laptop computer. As discoverers, they can name their new plant. What

should they call it?



Challenge



Make a dried flower bookmark.



You need:





small, flat flowers like

pansies or violets

leaves

construction paper strips



clear Contact[R] paper



an old phone book



ribbon or yarn



a hole punch

scissors



* Place a few flowers between pages near the back of the phone

book. Put some others in the middle.



* Close the phone book and weigh it down with something heavy.



* Let your flowers dry inside the phone book for 10 days or more.



* Arrange your dried flowers and some leaves in a nice design on

construction paper. Cover them with clear Contact[R] paper. Trim the

Contact[R] paper to fit.



* Punch a hole near the top of your bookmark and tie on a ribbon.



Puzzle



Long ago, people sent messages with flowers. Each flower had its

own meaning.



What does WHY-FLY's flower message mean?



You make me happy.



I love you.



I am jealous.



You make me sad.



I like you.



I miss you.



Don't be silly.



I didn't do it.



I'm sorry.



What's your birth flower?



January: Carnation



February: Violet





March: Hyacinth

April: Daisy



May: Lily of the Valley

June: Rose



July: Larkspur

August: Gladiolus

September: Aster



October: Marigold

Nov: Chrysanthemum

December: Narcissus

DID YOU KNOW??



14-leaf clo vers have been found. Do you think they are any

"luckier" than the 4-leaf kind?



DID YOU KNOW??



There are about 350,000 kinds of plants in the world. 250,000 of

them are flowering plants.



DID YOU KNOW??



Crocus flowers act like "natural" thermometers. They open

and close to tiny differences in temperature.



Pick 4 flowers of your own and send a message to a friend.



Background



"A weed is a flower growing in the wrong place." George

Washington Carver



Everyone loves flowers. They add beauty, color, interest, and

fragrance to our world. Flowers also provide food and shelter to many

kinds of insects and other animals. Why are plants so spectacular and

made up of so many intricate parts? Plants make flowers in order to

reproduce. The true job of a flower is to make seeds.



All fl owers began as wild flowers many millions of years ago. Until

recently, scientists thought the most primitive flowers belonged to the

magnolia and water lily families. New developments in genetic analysis

have shown that an inconspicuous flowering shrub, Amborella, which grows

only on the island of New Caledonia in the South Pacific, probably has

this honor. Scientists believe that a relative of the Amborella may have

first developed 145 million years ago, about the same time birds first

appeared.



Modern flowers are as complicated as they are beautiful. In the

center of a typical flower is the pistil. The sticky top is called the

stigma. Below it is a long tube called the style. The rounded part at

the bottom is the ovary. Inside the ovary are the ovules, or unformed

seeds, waiting to grow. Around the pistil are the stamens.





Each stamen has a thin stem-like part called the filament and a

rounded tip called the anther. The anthers make pollen. Green leaves

called sepals protect the outside of the flower. The colorful petals of

the flower have an important job to do, too.



Pollinators



The fantastic variety of flower shapes, markings, fragrances, and

structures represent the many strategies flowers have evolved to attract

pollinators. Generally, red and pink petals are most attractive to

butterflies and hummingbirds. White flowers open at night and usually

attract moths and bats. Yellow and orange petals mostly invite bees. In

addition, the petals of many yellow flowers have ultraviolet

"landing pads" invisible to us, but easy for bees to see. Some

flowers even mimic the shape and color of the female of a particular

insect to fool males that are eager to mate.



Flowers make a sweet juice called nectar that pollinators like to

eat. When animals and insects come to drink the flower's nectar,

pollen clings to their bodies. When they travel to the next flower, they

carry the pollen with them. At the next flower, this pollen sticks to

the top of the pistil. From there it travels through the style to the

ovary and fertilizes the ovules. Once a flower's seeds have formed,

the flower's petals quickly fade and die. Soon a fruit or seed pod forms. The flower's work is done.



Flower Structure



Not all plants reproduce by making flowers. Plants that make

flowers are called angiosperms from the Greek words meaning

"seed" and "receptacle." Other plant groups include

ferns, spore-bearing plants, and conifers. Conifers develop their seeds

inside cones. This group includes pine, hemlock, spr uce, and cedar. Many

plants also reproduce by other means, like sending off runners.



Flowers bloom almost everywhere on Earth, except Antarctica. As far

back as 3000 BC, the Egyptians were growing a wide variety of flowers

from seeds in their gardens. These included such modern favorites as

poppies, water lilies, and jasmine. People value flowers for their

variety of shapes and colors as well as for their fragrance. Because

flowers are so beautiful and unique, they are often used as decorative

ornaments (like corsages and boutonnieres) and displayed or given to

express emotions in times of joy and happiness, as well as at times of

sorrow. Flowers are displayed at weddings to express joy and love, at

funerals to show remembrance and sympathy, and at religious occasions to

symbolize different aspects of spiritual meaning.



Flowers Uses



Flowers have many other uses, too. Inside our homes and offices, we

may use cut flowers and flowering plants for decoration. We use flowers

to add beauty to the outside of our homes through landscaping. We wear

or carry flowers to celebrate important events (like weddings, proms,

and graduation.) Flowers are given on holidays like Mother's Day,

Valentine's Day, and birthdays. The essential oils from flowers

like jasmine, mimosa, and rose are used to make perfumes. Foods like

honey and broccoli, and flavorings like saffron also come from flowers.

Many herbal medicines are made from flowers like lavender, chamomile and

hibiscus. One of the most unusual uses for flowers is to cover floats in

parades, like the spectacular Rose Bowl Parade!



National Science Education Standards

Unifying Concepts and Processes (K-8)



* Systems, order, and organization



* Evidence, mo dels, and explanation



* Constancy, change, and measurement



* Form and function



Standard A: Science as Inquiry (K-8)



* Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry



* Understanding about scientific inquiry



Standard C: Life Science (K-4)



* The characteristics of organisms



* Life cycles of organisms



* Organisms and environments



(5-8)



* Structure and function in living systems



* Regulation and behavior



* Diversity and adaptations of organisms



DID YOU KNOW??



91% of flowers depend on animals to pollinate them. The rest spread

their pollen through water or by wind.



STATE FLOWERS

Alabama Camellia

Alaska Forget-me-not



Arizona Saguaro

Arkansas Apple Blossom

Californi a Golden Poppy

Colorado Columbine

Connecticut Mountain Laurel

Delaware Peach Blossom

Florida Orange Blossom

Georgia Cherokee Rose

Hawaii Hibiscus



Idaho Syringa

Illinois Violet



Indiana Peony

Iowa Wild Rose



Kansas Sunflower



Kentucky Goldenrod

Louisiana Magnolia



Maine Pine Cone & Tassel



Maryland Black-eyed Susan

Massachusetts Mayflower

Michigan Apple Blossom



Minnesota Lady's Slipper

Mississippi Magnolia



Missouri Hawthorn



Montana Bitterroot

Nebraska Goldenrod



Nevada Sagebrush

New Hampshire Purple Lilac

New Jersey Violet



New Mexico Yucca



New York Rose



North Carolina Dogwood

North Dakota Wild Prairie Rose

Ohio Scarlet Car nation

Oklahoma Mistletoe

Oregon Oregon Grape

Pennsylvania Mountain Laurel



Rhode Island Violet



South Carolina Yellow Jasmine



South Dakota Pasqueflower

Tennessee Iris



Texas Bluebonnet

Utah Sego Lily



Vermont Red Clover



Virginia Dogwood



Washington Rhododendron

West Virginia Rhododendron



Wisconsin Violet



Wyoming Indian Paintbrush



District of Columbia American Beauty Rose

Level Pre-A



Main Concepts: Flowers grow all over the world (except in

Antarctica). Flowers make seeds.



Picture Activity



Ask your students if they recognize any of the flowers in

WHY-FLY's wreath. Make a list of flowers your students know by

sight. Explain that the little boxes show different places

(environmen ts) where flowers grow. Flowers grow everywhere, except in

Antarctica. They grow in hot deserts, warm wet rainforests, cold icy

regions, and in forests and woodlands -- and right where your students

live. Explain that flowers that grow in different environments have

different needs. Flowers that grow in the dry desert do well without

much water. Flowers that grow in the freezing arctic can withstand very

cold temperatures. Read what WHY-FLY is saying. Explain that flowers do

more than just look and smell pretty. They have a job to do. They make

the seeds for the plant, so new flowers can grow.



Vocabulary



Have your students cut out the petals and fold them on the dotted

lines. Then have them glue the petals onto the matching numbers on the

flower.



Weekly Problem



Answers: A) 5 (apple blossom) B) 3 (trillium) C) 6 (lily) D) 4

(dogwo od) E) 5 (poppy). A and E both have 5 petals.



Storytelling



Answers: From top left (going counter-clockwise) - 3) new plants

emerging from the soil, 1) planting seeds, 5) beans growing on the full

grown plant where the flowers had been growing earlier, 2) a little

sprout starting to grow in the soil, 4) full grown plants with flowers.

Explain that flowers make seeds, like the beans in No. 5. These seeds

will make new plants.



Challenge



You need: chocolate, butterscotch, or vanilla pudding, paper plates

or bowls, pink construction paper. (You can use other colors of paper,

but pink works well.) For this fun activity, they will be making tulip flowers using their own handprints. Draw (or glue on) several stems and

leaves before beginning. Give each of your students a small dollop of

pudding on a paper plate to use for printing. Make sure they wash t heir

hands before beginning this activity, so finger licking can be part of

their "clean-up." (Other materials, like paint, can also be

used for this activity.)



Weekly Lab



You need: cut flowers, flower seeds, paper cups, potting soil,

water, small round lollipops (e.g., DumDums[R] brand) or pipe cleaners,

magnifying glasses, scissors. This "Flower Power" Lab consists

of 3 parts. In the first part, they will be planting their own flower

seeds. Marigolds and zinnias are 2 hardy, fast-growing flowers, which

transplant easily into home flower beds. In the second part, they will

closely look at and dissect a flower. The best way to really learn about

the parts of flowers is to observe them directly. If possible, try to

bring in 2 or 3 different kinds of flowers. Daffodils, roses, tulips,

and lilies work well. (Florists and large grocery store chains with
< br>floral departments will often provide old flowers for free, if you let

them know you are using them for a school project.) In Part 3, they will

be making their own flower model with sepals, petals, and seed parts.

Have them cut out the 2 sets of petals and the sepals and slide them up

onto the lollipop stick (poke small holes in the centers, if needed).

You may also want to tape these pieces to secure them to the lollipop

stick. Pipe cleaners can be used instead of lollipops. Form a small ball

at the end of the pipe cleaner to represent the seed parts. When they

have finished their models, have them look at a real flower and find the

same parts.



Level A



Main Concepts: Flowers grow all over the world (except in

Antarctica). Flowers make seeds, so new flowers can grow.



Picture Activity



Ask your students if they recognize any of the flow ers in

WHY-FLY's wreath. Make a list of flowers your students know by

sight. Explain that the little boxes show different places

(environments) where flowers grow. Flowers grow everywhere, except in

Antarctica. They grow in hot deserts, warm wet rainforests, cold icy

regions, and in forests and woodlands - and right where your students

live. Explain that flowers that grow in different environments have

different needs. Flowers that grow in the dry desert do well without

much water. Flowers that grow in the freezing arctic can withstand very

cold temperatures. Read what WHY-FLY is saying. Explain that flowers do

more than just look and smell pretty. They have a job to do. They make

the seeds for the plant, so new flowers can grow. You may also want to

mention that each season has its own kinds of flowers as well.

(Daffodils, hyacinths, tulips, crocus, azaleas, and dogwood are all < br>
types of spring flowers. Chrysanthemum, goldenrod, and sunflowers are

types of fall flowers.)



Vocabulary



Have your students cut out the petals and fold on the dotted lines.

Then have them paste the petals onto the matching numbers on the flower.



Weekly Problem



Answers: A) 6 (narcissus) B) 4 (dogwood) C) 5 (poppy) D) 4

(fireweed-evening primrose) E) 6 (lily) F) 5 (violet). A and E - 6

petals. B and D - 4 petals. C and F - 5 petals. Scientists who study

flowers (botanists) often use the number of petals of a flower to help

identify its "flower family" ties.



Writing for Science



Answers: From top left (going counter-clockwise) - 3) new plants

emerging from the soil, 1) planting seeds, 5) beans growing on the full

grown plant where the flowers had been growing earlier, 2) a little

sprout starting to grow in th e soil, 4) full grown plants with flowers.

Explain that flowers make seeds, like the beans in No. 5. These seeds

will make new plants. Have them write a story about the order of the

pictures. Ask if they have vegetable or flower gardens at home. Have

them share their gardening experiences with the class.



Challenge



You need: chocolate, butterscotch, or vanilla pudding, paper plates

or bowls, pink construction paper. (You can use other colors of paper,

but pink works well.) For this fun activity, they will be making tulip

flowers using their own handprints. Draw (or glue on) several stems and

leaves before beginning. Give each of your students a small dollop of

pudding on a paper plate to use for printing. Make sure they wash their

hands before beginning this activity, so finger licking can be part of

their "clean-up." (Other materials, like paint, can also be

used for this activity.)



Weekly Lab



See TN Level Pre-A - WEEKLY LAB. In addition, when they have

finished making their flower models, have them look at a real flower and

find the same parts. Help them identify the different flower parts -

petals, sepals, seed parts, stem. For the Did You Know?? - The Rafflesia is the biggest flower in the world. Hold up a meter or yardstick for

your students to actually see the width of this flower. You can also

draw a 3 foot circle to show its size. The Rafflesia grows only in

Indonesia. It is a parasite. Unlike other plants that make their own

food with their leaves, the Rafflesia steals its nourishment from the

roots of nearby trees. When it is blooming, it smells a lot like rotten

meat. This smell helps attract flies, which it needs for pollination.

Rafflesia can weigh up to 36 pounds, and when it opens, it makes a

hissin g sound.



Level B



Main Concepts: Flowers bloom all over the world (except in

Antarctica) and in nearly every season. Flowers make seeds so plants can

reproduce. People also have many uses for flowers.



Weekly Problem



Answers: 1) Each apple blossom has 5 petals. 2) There are 25 petals

in all. Ask your students how they arrived at their answers. Some will

count every petal. Others may figure out that they can count by 5s to

reach the answer.



Writing for Science



There are many flowering plants that grow in the water. The water

lily is one of the most beautiful. In this adventure, WHY-FLY is on a

water lily that is being swept away on a swiftly flowing river.

Encourage them to use their imaginations to solve WHY-FLY's dilemma

- where is he going and how will the story end?



Challenge



Y ou need: chocolate, butterscotch, or vanilla pudding, paper plates

or bowls, pink construction paper. (You can use other colors of paper,

but pink works well.) For this fun activity, they will be making tulip

flowers using their own handprints. Draw (or glue on) several stems and

leaves before beginning. Give each of your students a small dollop of

pudding on a paper plate to use for printing. Make sure they wash their

hands before beginning this activity, so finger licking can be part of

their "clean-up." (Other materials, like paint, can also be

used for this activity.)



Weekly Lab



This "Flower Power" Lab consists of 3 parts. In the first

part, they will be planting their own flower seeds. Marigolds and

zinnias are 2 hardy, fast-growing flowers, which transplant easily into

home flower beds. In the second part, they will closely look at and

dissect a flo wer. The best way to really learn the parts of flowers is

to observe them directly. If possible, try to bring in 2 or 3 different

kinds of flowers. Daffodils, roses, tulips, and lilies work well.

(Florists and large grocery store chains with floral departments will

often provide old flowers for free, if you let them know you are using

them for a school project.) In Part 3, they will be making their own

flower model with sepals, petals, and seed parts. Have them cut out the

2 sets of petals and the sepals and slide them up onto the lollipop

stick (poke small holes in the centers, if needed). You may also want to

put a small piece of tape around these pieces to secure them to the

lollipop stick. Pipe cleaners can be used instead of lollipops. Form a

small ball at the end of the pipe cleaner to represent the seed parts.

When they have finished their models, have them look at a real flower
and find the same parts. Help them identify the different parts -

petals, sepals, seed parts, stem. For the Did You Know?? - The Rafflesia

is the biggest flower in the world. Hold up a meter or yardstick for

your students to actually see the width of this flower. You can also

draw a 3 foot circle to show its size. The Rafflesia grows only in

Indonesia. It is a parasite. Unlike other plants that make their own

food with their leaves, the Rafflesia steals its nourishment from the

roots of nearby trees. When it is blooming, it smells a lot like rotten

meat. This smell helps attract flies, which it needs for pollination.

Rafflesia can https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MsaVuq0ULck weigh up to 36 pounds, and when it opens, it makes a

hissing sound.



Level C



Main Concepts: Flowers bloom everywhere (except in Antarctic a).

Flowers make seeds, so plants can reproduce. Inside the flower are

special parts that enable this to happen. Many plants need animal

pollinators to spread their pollen. People use flowers in many ways.



Vocabulary



See TN Level B - VOCABULARY.



Weekly Lab



This lab consists of 2 parts. In the first part, they will closely

look at (examine) and dissect a flower. The best way to really learn the

parts of flowers is to observe them directly. When they open the bottom

of the pistil, they will see the ovules inside. If possible, try to

bring in 2 or 3 different kinds of flowers. (Florists and large grocery

stores with floral depts, will often provide old flowers for free, if

you let them know you are using them for a school project.) Encourage

them to draw their flower pictures with as much detail as possible. In

the second part, they will be planting their own flower seeds. Marigolds

and zinnias are 2 hardy, fast-growing flowers, which transplant easily

into home flower beds.



Weekly Problem



Answers: 1) Each apple blossom has 5 petals. 2) There are 25 petals

in all. 3) They would need 15 more flowers to make 100 petals. Ask how

they arrived at their answers. Some will count every petal. Others may

figure out that they can count by 5s to reach the answers.



Writing for Science



There are many flowering plants that grow in the water. The water

lily is one of the most beautiful. In this adventure, WHY-FLY is on a

water lily that is being swept away on a swiftly flowing river.

Encourage them to use their imaginations to solve WHY-FLY's dilemma

- where is he going and how will the story end?



Challenge



In this activity, your students will be making their own flower

model. You may want to put a small piece of tape around the petals and

sepals to secure them to the lollipop stick. When they have finished

their models, have them look at a real flower and find the same parts

that they included in their flower models. Help them to identify the

different parts - petals, sepals, stem, pistil, stamens, and leaves.



Puzzle



Answer: WHY-FLY's flower message says (in any order):

"I'm sorry. Don't be silly. I didn't do it. I like

you."



DID YOU KNOW??



There are about 350,000 kinds of plants in the world. 250,000 of

them are flowering plants.



Level D



Main Concepts: Flowers bloom everywhere (except in Antarctica).

Flowers make seeds, so plants can reproduce. Inside the flower are the

special parts that enable this to happen. Many plants need animal

pollinat ors to spread their pollen. People use flowers in many ways.



Vocabulary



Answer: The Rafflesia is the biggest flower in the world. It is

three feet across. To find the missing letters in this puzzle, they must

follow the trail of each set of arrows. Some boxes need to be filled-in

first, before they can discover others. Tell them to look above and

below a box as they follow each arrow's path. As an extension, hold

up a meter or yardstick for your students to actually see http://ambler.temple.edu/about-arboretum/news the width of

this flower. You can also draw a 3 foot circle to show its size. The

Rafflesia grows only in Indonesia. It is a parasite. Unlike other plants

that make their own food with their leaves, the Rafflesia steals its

nourishment from the roots of nearby trees. When it is blooming, it

smells a l ot like rotten meat. This smell helps attract flies, which it

needs for pollination. Rafflesia can weigh up to 36 pounds, and when it

opens, it makes a hissing sound.



Weekly Lab



In this 2-part lab, your students will be observing flowers and

growing their own. In the first part, they will examine, dissect, and

compare 2 different flowers. The best way for them to really learn the

parts of flowers is to observe them directly. Have them carefully

examine their flowers. When they open the bottom of the pistil, they

will see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MsaVuq0ULck the ovules inside. If possible, try to bring in several

different varieties of flowers. (Florists and large grocery store chains

with floral departments will often provide old flowers for free, if you

let them know you are using them for a school project .) Encourage them

to draw their flower pictures with as much detail as possible. In the

second part, they will be planting their own flower seeds. Marigolds and

zinnias are 2 hardy, fast-growing flowers, which transplant easily into

home flower beds.



Weekly Problem



Answers: 1) $3.25 2) $1.75 3) yes, he would still have enough money

to buy 1 lily or 1 iris. He could not buy both. Have them make a list of

the flowers they would buy with $5.



Writing for Science



Bogs and swamps have poor soil for plant growth. The extra water

washes away important nutrients (mostly nitrogen). To survive, plants

like the Venus Flytrap catch insects, which provide them with the

nutrients they need to grow. Encourage them to use their imaginations to

write about Dr. Fly Trap's exciting discovery. Ask if they have

ever seen "Little Shop of Horrors," abou t a very strange and

hungry "alien" Flytrap.



Challenge



See TN Level C - CHALLENGE.



Puzzle



Answer: WHY-FLY's flower message says (in any order):

"I'm sorry. Don't be silly. I didn't do it. I like

you." For the bottom box "Make a flower change color"

activity, they will be putting a freshly cut carnation or daisy in water

with food coloring. As the water moves up the stem to the petals, the

flower will change color. They can also try splitting the flower's

stem down the middle and putting each half in a cup of differently

colored water to see the result.



Level E



Main Concepts: Flowers bloom everywhere (except in Antarctica).

Flowers make seeds, so plants can reproduce. Inside the flower are the

special parts that enable this to happen. Many plants need animal

pollinators to spread their pollen. Dif ferent colors of flowers attract

different pollinators. Many yellow flowers have special ultraviolet

markings to attract bees.



Vocabulary



See TN Level D - VOCABULARY.



Weekly Lab



Water moves continuously up from the roots through a living plant.

As the colored water moves up the stem to the petals, the white flower

will change color. They can also try splitting the flower's stem

down the middle and putting each half in a cup of differently colored

water. (For the next part, they can also draw the 4-petal flower shape

on construction paper.) After cutting out the shape, have them fold the

petals into the center and place it gently onto the surface of a cup of

water. As the paper cut-out absorbs the water and the "cells"

of the paper fill, the petals will slowly unfold. This same type of

water movement into the cells of a fresh flow er is what causes it to

bloom and "open." Bonus: When they open the pistil, they will

see the ovules inside.



Weekly Problem



Answers: 1) $8.45 2) $1.55 3) yes, he would still have enough money

to buy 1 lily or 1 iris. He could not buy both. Have them make a list of

the flowers they would buy with $10.



Writing for Science



See TN Level D - WRITING FOR SCIENCE. In addition, ask them how

WHY-FLY will send a sample of this strange Flytrap back to the

university without getting devoured himself. (Remember - he's a

fly!)



Challenge



This activity works best when the flowers have had ample time to

dry.



Puzzle



See TN Level D - PUZZLE. Have them identify the birth month flowers

for themselves and family members.



Level F



Main Concepts: Flowers make seeds, so plants can reproduce. Inside

the flower are the special parts that enable this to happen. Many plants

need animal pollinators to spread their pollen. Different colors of

flowers attract different pollinators. Many yellow flowers have special

ultraviolet markings to attract bees.



Weekly Lab



Lab A: Water moves continuously up from the roots through a living

plant. As the colored water moves up the stem to the petals, the white

flowers will change colors. The flower with the split stem will turn the

2 colors of the water in the cups. After cutting out the 4-petal shape,

fold the petals into the center and place it gently onto the surface of

a cup of water. As the paper cut-out absorbs the water and the

"cells" of the paper fill, the petals will slowly unfold. This

same type of water movement into the cells of a fresh flower is what

causes it to bloom and "op en."



Lab B: They will be examining, dissecting, and comparing 2

different flowers. The best way to really learn the parts of flowers is

to examine them directly. When they open the bottom of the pistil, they

will see the ovules inside. Try to bring in several varieties of

flowers. (Florists and large grocery stores with floral departments will

often provide old flowers for free, if you let them know you are using

them for a school project.) Encourage them to draw their flower pictures

with as much detail as possible. In the second part, they will be

planting their own flower seeds. Marigolds and zinnias are 2 hardy,

fast-growing flowers, which transplant easily into home flower beds.



Weekly Problem



Answers: 1) $8.45 2) 42 [cts.] 3) $8.87 4) $1.13 5) No.



Writing for Science



Bogs and swamps have poor soil for plant growth. The ext ra water

washes away important nutrients (mostly nitrogen). To survive, plants

like the Venus Flytrap have special leaves to catch insects, which

provide them with the nutrients they need to grow. Encourage them to use

their imaginations to write about this strange discovery. Ask if they

have ever seen the movie or play "Little Shop of Horrors"

about a very unusual and hungry "alien" Flytrap. Also, ask how

WHY-FLY will send a sample of this strange plant back to the university

without getting devoured himself. (Remember - he's a fly!)



Challenge



This works best when the flowers have had ample time to dry.



Puzzle



See TN Level D - VOCABULARY.



DID YOU KNOW??



Roses were first grown by people in Asia 5,000 years ago.



https://www.thefreelibrary.com/F lowers.-a062258319

Melania Trump visits Japanese garden with Akie Abe

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deoImage":"//i2.cdn.cnn.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/170211115550-04-melania-trump-akie-abe-0211-large-169.jpg","videoUrl":"/videos/us/2017/02/11/melania-trump-akie-abe-garden-visit-vo.cnn/video/playlists/melania-trump/","description":"First Lady Melania Trump and Akie Abe, wife of the Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, visited the Morikami Museum and Gardens in DelRay Beach, Florida.","descriptionText":"First Lady Melania Trump and Akie Abe, wife of the Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, visited the Morikami Museum and Gardens in DelRay Beach, Florida.","title":"Melania, Ivanka Trump forgo headscarves","duration":"00:59","sourceName":"CNN","sourceLink":"http://www.cnn.com","videoCMSUrl":"/video/data/3.0/video/politics/2017/05/20/melania-trump-ivanka-trump-headscarf-saudi-arabia-orig-vstop-dlewis.cnn/index.xml","videoId":"politics/2017/05/20/melania-trump-ivanka-trump-headscarf-saudi-arabia-orig-vstop-dlewis.cnn","videoImage":"//i2.cdn.cnn.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/170520143933-melania-tru 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","descriptionText":"Melania Trump's outfits are getting praise for being "classy and conservative," but also garnering criticism for breaking the rules in Saudi Arabia. ","title":"Inside Melania Trump's first 100 days","duration":"02:49","sourceName":"CNN","sourceLink":"http://www.cnn.com/shows/erin-burnett-out-front","videoCMSUrl":"/video/data/3.0/video/politics/2017/04/28/melania-trump-first-100-days-bennett-dnt-erin.cnn/index.xml","videoId":"politics/2017/04/28/melania-trump-first-100-days-bennett-dnt-erin.cnn","videoImage":"//i2.cdn.cnn.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/170329124600-01-melania-trump-0329-large-169.jpg","videoUrl":"/videos/politics/2017/04/28/melania-trump-first-100-days-bennett-dnt-erin.cnn/video/playlists/melania-trump/","description":"The first lady's first 100 days have been largely characterized by her absence from Washington and the spotlight. CNN's u003ca href="http://www.cnn.com/profiles/kate-bennett">Kate Bennettu003c/a> reports. ","descriptionText":"The first lady's first 100 days have been largely characterized by her absence from Washington and the spotlight. CNN's u003ca href="http://www.cnn.com/profiles/kate-bennett">Kate Bennettu003c/a> reports. ","title":"First lady Melania meets Queen Rania","duration":"02:01","sourceName":"CNN","sourceLink":"http://www.cnn.com/","videoCMSUrl":"/video/data/3.0/video/politics/2017/04/05/melania-trump-first-lady-queen-rania-meet-moos-dnt-erin.cnn/index.xml","videoId":"politics/2017/04/05/melania-trump-first-lady-queen-rania-meet-moos-dnt-erin.cnn","videoImage":"//i2.cdn.cnn.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/170405173341-melania-trump-queen-rania-large-169.jpg","videoUrl":"/videos/politics/2017/04/05/melania-trump-first-lady-queen-rania-meet-moos-dnt-erin.cnn/video/playlists/melania-trump/","description":"First lad y Melania Trump and Jordan's Queen Rania visit Washington's first and only public charter school for girls. CNN's u003ca href="http://www.cnn.com/profiles/jeanne-moos-profile">Jeanne Moosu003c/a> reports on the royal fashionistas.","descriptionText":"First lady Melania Trump and Jordan's Queen Rania visit Washington's first and only public charter school for girls. 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","title":"Melania ratings go up, Internet has theories","duration":"02:04","sourceName":"CNN","sourceLink":"http://www.cnn.com/","videoCMSUrl":"/video/data/3.0/video/politics/2017/03/09/melania-up-moos-pkg-erin.cnn/index.xml","videoId":"politics/2017/03/09/melania-up-moos-pkg-erin.cnn","videoImage":"//i2.cdn.cnn.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/170308130419-melania-international-womens-day-large-169.jpg","videoUrl":"/videos/politics/2017/03/09/melania-up-moos-pkg-erin.cnn/video/playlists/melania-trump/","description":"Melania Trump's approval ratings shoot up. CNN's u003ca href="http://www.cnn.com/profiles/jeanne-moos-profile">Jeanne Moosu003c/a> reports on the first lady's leap.","descriptionText":"Melania Trump's approval rating s shoot up. CNN's u003ca href="http://www.cnn.com/profiles/jeanne-moos-profile">Jeanne Moosu003c/a> reports on the first lady's leap.","title":"Melania Trump makes rare public appearance ","duration":"02:07","sourceName":"CNN","sourceLink":"http://www.cnn.com","videoCMSUrl":"/video/data/3.0/video/politics/2017/03/29/melania-trumps-role-women-empowerment-bennett-pkg-lead.cnn/index.xml","videoId":"politics/2017/03/29/melania-trumps-role-women-empowerment-bennett-pkg-lead.cnn","videoImage":"//i2.cdn.cnn.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/170329124600-01-melania-trump-0329-large-169.jpg","videoUrl":"/videos/politics/2017/03/29/melania-trumps-role-women-empowerment-bennett-pkg-lead.cnn/video/playlists/melania-trump/","description":"First Lady Melania Trump, who usually keeps out of the spotlight, called for women's empowerment and celebration of diversity in rare remarks at the State Department, giving us a first glimpse of an official platform as first lady. CNN's u003ca href="http://www.cnn.com/pr ofiles/kate-bennett">Kate Bennettu003c/a> reports. ","descriptionText":"First Lady Melania Trump, who usually keeps out of the spotlight, called for women's empowerment and celebration of diversity in rare remarks at the State Department, giving us a first glimpse of an official platform as first lady. CNN's u003ca href="http://www.cnn.com/profiles/kate-bennett">Kate Bennettu003c/a> reports. ","title":"How much is the first lady's 'brand' worth?","duration":"02:51","sourceName":"CNNMoney","sourceLink":"","videoCMSUrl":"/video/data/3.0/video/tv/2017/02/09/melania-trump-brand.cnnmoney/index.xml","videoId":"tv/2017/02/09/melania-trump-brand.cnnmoney","videoImage":"//i2.cdn.cnn.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/170208220929-melania-trump-brand-large-169.jpg","videoUrl":"/videos/tv/2017/02/09/melania-trump-brand.cnnmoney/video/playlists/melania-trump/","description":"Melania Trump has filed a lawsuit against the Mail Online for damages to her brand, causing ethics experts to question if she intends to profit from her time in the White House. CNNMoney's Cristina Alesci reports on the First Lady's brand.","descriptionText":"Melania Trump has filed a lawsuit against the Mail Online for damages to her brand, causing ethics experts to question if she intends to profit from her time in the White House. 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They've instructed employees not to highlight Trump merchandise on standalone racks. CNN's Kate Bennett has more.","title":"Melania Trump refiles lawsuit seeking $150M","duration":"02:28","sourceName":"CNN","sourceLink":"http://www.cnn.com/","videoCMSUrl":"/video/data/3.0/video/politics/2017/02/08/melania-trump-lawsuit-newday.cnn/index.xml","videoId":"politics/2017/02/08/melania-trump-lawsuit-newday.cnn","videoImage":"//i2.cdn.cnn.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/161111170736-melania-trump-first-lady-large-169.jpg","videoUrl":"/videos/politics/2017/02/08/melania-trump-lawsuit-newday.cnn/video/playlists/melania-trump/","description":"First Lady Melania Trump has refiled a lawsuit seeking $150 million, arguing that a now-retracted Daily Mail Online article has damaged her reputation.","descriptionText":"First Lady Melania Trump has refiled a lawsuit seeking $150 million, arguing that a now-retracted Daily Mail Online article has damaged her reputation.","title":"Donald and Melania Trump share first dance","duration":"01:21","sourceName":"CNN","sourceLink":"http://www.cnn.com/","videoCMSUrl":"/video/data/3.0/video/politics/2017/01/21/president-donald-trump-melania-trump-first-dance-inaugural-ball-bts.cnn/index.xml","videoId":"politics/2017/01/21/president-donald-trump-melania-trump-first-dance-inaugural-ball-bts.cnn","videoImage":"//i2.cdn.cnn.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/170120214134-02-trump-inaugural-ball-first-dance-screengrab-large-169.jpg","videoUrl":"/videos/politics/2017/01/21/president-donald-trump-melania-trump-first-dance-inaugural-ball-bts.cnn/video/playlists/melania-trump/","description":"Donald and Melania Trump dance to a live cover http://www.sergioslands caping.net/ of Frank Sinatra's "My Way" for their first dance as the 45th President and the new first lady -- joined later by the vice president and his wife, followed by both of their families.","descriptionText":"Donald and Melania Trump dance to a live cover of Frank Sinatra's "My Way" for their first dance as the 45th President and the new first lady -- joined later by the vice president and his wife, followed by both of their families.","title":"Melania Trump ... before she was first lady-in-waiting","duration":"01:52","sourceName":"CNN","sourceLink":"http://www.cnn.com/","videoCMSUrl":"/video/data/3.0/video/politics/2016/11/11/melania-online-moos-pkg-erin.cnn/index.xml","videoId":"politics/2016/11/11/melania-online-moos-pkg-erin.cnn","videoImage":"//i2.cdn.cnn.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/161110200609-melania-trump-social-media-post-01-large-169.jpg","videoUrl":"/videos/politics/2016/11/11/melania-online-moos-pkg-erin.cnn/video/playlists/melania-trump/","description":"See Melani a Trump's Facebook videos. CNN's u003ca href="http://www.cnn.com/profiles/jeanne-moos-profile">Jeanne Moosu003c/a> rummages through her social media.","descriptionText":"See Melania Trump's Facebook videos. CNN's u003ca href="http://www.cnn.com/profiles/jeanne-moos-profile">Jeanne Moosu003c/a> rummages through her social media.","title":"Melania Trump: From Slovenia to the White House","duration":"03:32","sourceName":"CNN","sourceLink":"","videoCMSUrl":"/video/data/3.0/video/world/2016/10/19/phil-black-melania-trump-hometown-slovenia.cnn/index.xml","videoId":"world/2016/10/19/phil-black-melania-trump-hometown-slovenia.cnn","videoImage":"//i2.cdn.cnn.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/161014120545-slovenia-sevnica-reflection-large-169.jpg","videoUrl":"/videos/world/2016/10/19/phil-black-melania-trump-hometown-slovenia.cnn/video/playlists/melania-trump/","description":"Melania Trump, aspiring US first lady, hails from the small town of Sevnica in Slovenia. CNN's Phil Black talks to those who knew her before she met Donald.","descriptionText":"Melania Trump, aspiring US first lady, hails from the small town of Sevnica in Slovenia. CNN's Phil Black talks to those who knew her before she met Donald.","title":"Who is Melania Trump?","duration":"01:45","sourceName":"CNN","sourceLink":"http://www.cnn.com/shows/ac-360","videoCMSUrl":"/video/data/3.0/video/tv/2015/11/12/melania-trump-profile-kaye-dnt-ac.cnn/index.xml","videoId":"tv/2015/11/12/melania-trump-profile-kaye-dnt-ac.cnn","videoImage":"//i2.cdn.cnn.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/150930092522-melania-and-donald-trump-large-169.jpg","videoUrl":"/videos/tv/2015/11/12/melania-trump-profile-kaye-dnt-ac.cnn/video/playlists/melania-trump/","description":"Until now Melania Trump has been the woman quietly standing by her husband's side. Now we're starting to hear more from the woman who could one day be First Lady. 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http://www.cnn.com/2017/02/11/politics/melania-trump-akie-abe-garden-tour-florida/index.html

Home Improvement Archives - ArticleCity.com

Home Improvement

Should You Repair https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfNmypOk45k or Replace Your https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfNmypOk45k Driveway?

http://www.stonishs.net/landscaping find your answers here....

Read More

http://www.articlecity.com/articles/home_improvement/article_5560.shtml

Tort XXII - Causation VIII

In Margereson & Hancock v JW Roberts Ltd (1996) two children, the plaintiffs, who grew up playing close to a factory, later had cancer because they were exposed to asbestos dust from the factory. The plaintiffs sued.

Despite the fact that the damage suffered was removed from the time the plaintiffs were close to the factory, they were successful. The court held that it was foreseeable that the defendants' negligence in allowing the contaminants to escape would lead to some type of illness or other to anyone that came in contact with the pollutants and that illness may be detached from the time the victims were exposed to the contaminants.

Delay in the impact of being exposed to pollutants is a facet of environmental damage and illnesses incurred as a result of being exposed to fumes and dusts released from factories often manifest or materialize at a later time or place.

In OLL v Secretary of State for the Home Department (1996) 8 boys, 2 teachers and an instruct or were lost during a canoeing trip. A report was lodged and the coastguard was called in to locate them. They were subsequently found but soon after 4 of the boys died and the others suffered from hypothermia. An action was brought against the organizers who in turn brought an action against the coastguard. The second claim was unsuccessful.

The duty that is owed by the coast guard is similar to that which is owed by the police in that; they do not per se owe members of the public a duty of care.



In this instance, however one looks at it, it is difficult to hold the coastguard accountable or responsible especially given the fact that they were called in only after the incident had taken place and it is fair to argue, given the prevailing conditions (weather) the boys, teachers and instructor shouldn't have been out canoeing in the first place.

In Mulcahy v Ministry of Defense (1996) we examine the duty owed by the army to its soldiers. The plaintiff was a soldier deployed during the Gulf War and he was standing too close to a machine gun, a howitzer, and as a result suffered damage to his hearing. Like the example we gave earlier of members of the groundcrew who sustain hearing damage as a result of being exposed to aircraft take-off's or artillery crews suffering hearing damage when the guns are fired, does the army, navy or air force owe its staff a duty of care?

It was held that the army does not owe its servicemen and women a duty of care and the decision is largely one of policy. The number of servicemen and women that incur some form of injury as a result of serving in the armed forces is high and should the armed forces be held accountable for every injury that its Best Attorney College Station men and women suffer, it would have to pay out large figures in damages each year. A majority of cases however go unreported.

It is also fair to say that the rules with regards or reference to the employer-employee relationship are not applicable to the armed forces.



Let's look at another situation. What happens if the plaintiff was provided with earmuffs or ear protectors and suffered hearing impairment as a result of defective earmuffs? Does the plaintiff have an action against the defense contractor(s) who supplied the earmuffs?

In R v Corydon Health Authority (1997) the plaintiff went for a chest x-ray which was a routine requireme nt prior to commencing employment and the radiologist negligently failed to report a significant abnormality. The plaintiff subsequently became pregnant and was diagnosed with PPH (primary pulmonary hypertension), which could be aggravated or worsened by pregnancy. The plaintiff had the child but became progressively depressive as a result of believing that her life expectancy had been reduced. The plaintiff sued for psychiatric illness.

It was held that the defendant Attorney College Station was liable but the damages were reduced in lieu of the fact that http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Attorney the decision to become pregnant was that of the plaintiff. The plaintiff might not have become pregnant if she had known the facts but it is a matter of proving that in court and in this instance the best option was to probably divide the respon sibility.

In Church of Latter-Day Saints v Yorkshire Fire and Civil Defense Authority (1997) the plaintiffs' premises was on fire and the plaintiffs called in the fire brigade. When the fire brigade arrived, they realized that the fire hydrants did not have adequate water supply and as a result they couldn't put out the fire.

The fire department in addition to firefighting duties is also tasked with the regular inspection and maintenance of fire hydrants. The plaintiffs sued.

The courts held that there was no duty owed. The decision is largely based on public policy and to prevent the fire department from being encumbered by additional liability.

https://hubpages.com/education/Tort-XXII-Causation-VIII

Landscape winner - 2016 Sony World Photography Awards - Pictures

The world's largest photography competition, the 2016 Sony World Photography Awards announced its Grand Prize winners.



Iranian photographer Asghar Khamseh, who works for the Mehr News Agency, won the "Iris d'Or Photographer of the Year and the $25,000 prize for a powerful series of portraits of acid attack victims, "Fire of Hatred."

Here are the winners and finalists, chosen from a record-breaking 230,103 entries, in 14 documentary and fine art professional categories -- each judged on a body of work. They winners were selected from a shortlist, announced in February 2016. Winners and shortlisted work will be on exhibit at Somerset House, London from April 22-May https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjreVlmEbis 8, 2016.

Landscape winner - "Land of Nothingness"



Maroesjka Lavigne, Belgium

A country named after a http://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_nkw=sprinklers desert. One of the least densely populated places on earth, Namibia's landscape draws you in, through a vast brown plain of scorched earth, and steers you over the white surface of a salt pan to finally arrive in the gold https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjreVlmEbis tones of the sand dunes.

http://www.cbsnews.com /pictures/2016-sony-world-photography-awards-winners/

The 19 Coolest Things To Do With A Basement (PHOTOS)

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It's hard to see past the limitations of a basement. The space is often dark, damp and unfinished. But a few talented designers were able to see the potential. If we ever won the lottery, we might try one of these really awesome ideas.



All photos via Houzz.com.

Create A Giant Playhouse

Have The Bar Of Your Dreams

Photo by John G. Wilbanks Photography, Inc.

Make A Game Area

Create A Den

Two Words: Wine Cellar

Play Ping-Pong In Peace

Have A Nice Quiet Place To Watch TV

Cr eate A Space To Store Your LEGO Collection

Make A "Loft"-Style Living Space

Add Tons Of Storage

Have An Indoor Hockey Match, Whenever You Want

Let The Kids Take Over

Or Let The Adults Take Over With A Brewery

Hold Band Practice

Add A Kitchenette

Make Your Own Art Studio

Create Your Own Sports Memorabilia Museum

Work Out Without Being Bothered

Go For A Swim

For more great basement ideas, check https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TbQK4Bl3s_I out these great stories from our friends at Houzz:

Contractor Tips: Finish Your Basement the Right Way

How https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TbQK4Bl3s_I to Get Your Basement Lighting Right

Love these photos? Then you'll love Houzz, the ultimate site for finding interior design ideas -- along with the remodeling professi onals, local residential architects and home builders in your area who can carry out your dream home visions.

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/09/cool-basements_n_4747813.html